Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Isolated theta waves originating from the midline thalamus trigger memory reactivation during NREM sleep in mice

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53522-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , B Schematic diagram depicting LFP and EEG-EMG recording ( A ), and spatial memory task ( B ). C Representative trajectories on first and third day training sessions. D Distance that animals traveled in the maze (one-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by post hoc Fisher LSD Method, n = 6 mice, F 2,5 = 7.069, P = 0.012; day 1 vs. day 3, P = 0.004; day 1 vs. day 2, P = 0.224; day 2 vs. day 3, P = 0.037). E MEC neuronal activity recorded during training phase (i), post-training wakefulness (ii) and post-training NREM sleep (iii) with a magnified view of a firing pattern (marked by magenta color). F Comparison of reactivation strength (two-tailed paired t test, n = 39 trials from 6 mice, t 38 = −3.692, P = 0.000695). G LFP and corresponding power spectrum during NREM sleep. Isolated theta waves are indicated by red rectangle box. H Distributions of mean duration of isolated theta waves. I Percentage of theta power during isolated theta wave and non-isolated theta wave phases (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, n = 36 channels from 6 mice, Z = −5.243, P = 1.24 × 10 −7 ). J , K Coupling of isolated theta power and delta phase. L Distribution of isolated theta waves in relation to the delta phase. M Modulation index for normal and shuffled data (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, n = 36 channels from 6 mice during post-training NREM sleep, Z = −5.232, P = 1.68 × 10 −7 ). N Raw LFP trace, corresponding power spectrum and reactivation strength (Rs.). Freq., frequency. O Distribution of reactivation events (R T ) during delta phase and a normal distribution fit to this distribution (red curve). P Theta power around the peak of reactivation strength. Inset, comparison of theta power in the period of R T and baseline (Basal.) (Two tailed paired t test, n = 39 trials, t 38 = −8.998, P = 5.90×10 −11 ). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: All the experiments required EEG and EMG recording were performed by Cheetah 5.7.4 acquisition software (Neuralynx).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Comparison, Two Tailed Test, Isolation

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Isolated theta waves originating from the midline thalamus trigger memory reactivation during NREM sleep in mice

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53522-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic of in vivo multi-channel synchronous recording in the RE and MEC, combined with EEG-EMG recording. B , C Images showing the electrode implanted in the RE ( B ) and MEC ( C ) ( n = 5 mice). D Simultaneous recording of LFP (gray: raw trace; red: filtered delta; magenta: filtered theta) and corresponding power spectrum in the RE (top) and MEC (bottom) during NREM sleep. The range between two white dashed lines is the theta band in the MEC LFP power spectrum. E Diagram showing LFP coherence in different bands between RE and MEC during NREM sleep (top). Peak of LFP coherence (black arrowhead) is at the theta band. Comparison of LFP coherence in the RE and MEC during NREM sleep (bottom) (Friedman repeated measures ANOVA on ranks followed by post hoc Student–Newman–Keuls test, n = 51, theta vs low gamma: q = 8.317, P = 1.55 × 10 −9 ; theta vs high gamma: q = 6.832, P = 1.54 × 10 −9 ; low gamma vs high gamma: q = −1.485, P = 0.412). *** P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: All the experiments required EEG and EMG recording were performed by Cheetah 5.7.4 acquisition software (Neuralynx).

Techniques: In Vivo, Comparison

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Isolated theta waves originating from the midline thalamus trigger memory reactivation during NREM sleep in mice

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53522-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Diagram for simultaneously fiber photometry recording of RE neurons projecting to MEC as well as LFP recordings in the MEC. B Representative image showing the expression of jGCamp7b (green) and the optical fiber (dotted yellow pane) implanted in the RE (left) and the electrode implanted in the MEC (right, yellow arrowhead), and related enlarged view. C Representative raw EEG-EMG traces, color-coded hypnogram, and Ca 2+ signals from a RE-MEC jGCamp7b mouse. D Two examples showing synchronous recordings of Ca 2+ activity of RE neurons projecting to MEC (top) and LFP in the MEC (bottom) during NREM sleep. Between two dotted white lines is theta frequency band (4–12 Hz). E Heatmaps illustrating synchronous change of Ca 2+ activity of RE neurons projecting to MEC (top) and increment of theta/(delta + theta) ratio (ΔTheta ratio, bottom) around Ca 2+ peak (0 s) during NREM sleep ( n = 8 mice). F Average value of synchronous change of Ca 2+ activity (top) and ΔTheta ratio (bottom) from 8 mice displayed as ( E ). Data are presented as mean (red line) ± s.e.m. (shaded area). G Statistic analysis of ΔTheta ratio before and during the period of Ca 2+ peak (two-tailed paired t test, n = 8 mice, t 7 = −6.672, P = 0.000285). *** P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: All the experiments required EEG and EMG recording were performed by Cheetah 5.7.4 acquisition software (Neuralynx).

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Isolated theta waves originating from the midline thalamus trigger memory reactivation during NREM sleep in mice

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53522-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic of closed-loop optogenetic inhibition. B Representative EMG traces, EEG power spectrum and LFP. Enlarged view shows LFP (gray), filtered LFP in theta band (Cyan: eYFP group; magenta: ArchT group). Ampl. amplitude, Freq. frequency, Light stim. light stimulation. C Theta power-delta phase coupling. M.I. modulation index, Pref. phase preferred phase. D Modulation index (left, Mann–Whitney rank-sum test, eYFP: n = 44, ArchT: n = 42, U = 364, P = 1.00 × 10 −6 ) and phase (right, Welch’s t test, eYFP: n = 44, ArchT: n = 42, t 69.535 = 4.320, P = 5.08 × 10 −5 ) of theta-delta wave coupling. E Reactivation strength of the eYFP and ArchT group. F Boxplots showing reactivation strength during NREM sleep. Boxplots represent median plus minima and maxima with lower and upper quantiles; whiskers, one and a half times of interquartile range; points, outliers (Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks, H = 21.403, P = 8.7 × 10 −5 ; Day 1: eYFP: n = 27, ArchT: n = 38, H = 3.004, P = 0.016; Day 2: eYFP: n = 28, ArchT: n = 49, H = 3.189, P = 0.008). G Same as F but for post-training wakefulness (Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks, H = 1.653, P = 0.647; Day 1: eYFP: n = 27, ArchT: n = 38, Day 2: eYFP: n = 28, ArchT: n = 49). H Representative trajectories in eYFP and ArchT group. I Distance traveled in the maze (Two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA following post hoc Fisher LSD Method, eYFP: n = 9 mice, ArchT: n = 8 mice. eYFP vs. ArchT, F 1,15 = 5.706, P = 0.030; days factor, F 2, 30 = 8.284, P = 0.001; interaction, F 2, 30 = 0.720, P = 0.495). J Cyan circles or magenta blocks represent average number of errors of eYFP ( n = 9 mice) or ArchT group ( n = 8 mice). Trend lines are the least-square fits to the data. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: All the experiments required EEG and EMG recording were performed by Cheetah 5.7.4 acquisition software (Neuralynx).

Techniques: Inhibition, MANN-WHITNEY